What is electricity primarily defined as?

Electricity is primarily defined as the movement of electrons in a conductor. This definition captures the essence of how electric current flows through various materials. In conductive materials, such as metals, electrons are free to move and transfer energy, which is essential for many applications, including lighting, heating, and powering devices.

When electrons move through a conductor, they create an electric current, which can be harnessed to do work. This movement can occur due to a difference in electric potential, or voltage, which drives the electrons from a region of higher potential to lower potential. Understanding this concept is crucial in both theoretical and practical applications of electricity, such as wiring and circuitry in salons.

The other options, though related to electricity in some way, do not define electricity accurately. For instance, the movement of protons is not how electricity is conducted in most materials, as protons are bound within atomic nuclei and do not move freely. Static charge on an insulator refers to the accumulation of electric charge on the surface of a material but does not signify the continuous flow of electricity. The remaining energy in a battery relates more to stored chemical potential energy rather than the fundamental definition of electricity itself.